10 Ways the Internet (As We Know It) Will Die

Alistair Croll, Sunday, April 6, 2008 at 12:01 AM PT Comments (170)

We often think of the Internet as a platform for unfettered global communication, where information flows freely, innovators can launch new applications at will, and everyone can have a voice. But it’s unlikely that our children’s Internet will look anything like what we have now.

How might the Internet as we know it die? Here are 10 possibilities.

  1. Someone subverts the Domain Name Service. The Internet relies on DNS. But if someone broke — or worse, subverted — the fundamental way in which we find web sites, we wouldn’t trust URLs any more. Phishing would be easy. Own the DNS and you own the Internet.
  2. Zombie networks attack! Untold numbers of enslaved PCs are waiting to do the bidding of shadowy hackers. Matt Sergeant of MessageLabs puts the size of the Storm botnet at between five and 10 million machines (though others peg the size of the network at much less.) Today, bots fill our inboxes with spam. But in the past, they’ve been used to take out companies and countries and to blackmail sites. In the end, it’s an arms race in which only one side has to play by the rules.
  3. Massive physical infrastructure failure. If an accident involving a couple of cables in the Mediterranean can make the Internet unusable for hundreds of millions, imagine what an intentional attack could do.
  4. Death by a thousand fragments: Ever since Usenet, people have been grouping together with those who think like them. In his book “The Big Switch,” Nicholas Carr cites one study that claimed more than 90 percent of the links originating within either the conservative or liberal community stay within that community. Some link referral tools can even be configured to keep visitors on sites with the same world view. The end result? Islands of like-minded people, increasingly sure there is only one right answer and that they’re in sole possession of it. And an end to the dreams of a global community envisioned by the Internet’s creators.
  5. A really good virus breaks the routers. The Internet’s self-healing mechanisms rely on the Border Gateway Protocol, or BGP. But what if someone gets inside the routers? In a 2006 NANOG presentation, Cisco looked at claims of vulnerability and concluded that “the most damaging attacks are caused by the deliberate misconfiguration of a trusted router.” Corrupt BGP, and you not only stop the Internet from forwarding traffic, you interfere with our ability to get to the routers and fix them.
  6. Updates break how updates work. Most software these days is designed to patch itself and remain current. But sometimes the process of automated upgrades triggers its own problems. On Aug. 16, 2007, Skype went down in what the company claimed was a side effect of a massive automatic update to Windows. It’s only a matter of time before an update makes a fundamental piece of software, like a networking stack, unable to update itself, cutting off millions and requiring manual intervention.
  7. The Net stops being neutral. If the carriers start to charge us for access to sites the way cable companies charge for premium television, pretty soon you’ll have a “Google fee” on your monthly bill. This already happens with many mobile phones that feature the services of Facebook and YouTube. It’s perhaps the most insidious death, because it would signal the end of innovation — no one would be able to launch the next Skype, Twitter or YouTube without the tacit approval of carriers.
  8. The lawyers get involved. The Internet has been an experiment in free speech. That may be coming to an end. Unable to go after the sites themselves, lawyers go after the hosters and registrars. That’s how Swiss banking group Julius Baer took whistleblower Wikileaks off the air. And once there’s precedent, others are sure to follow. The recording industry is already wondering if it can go after carriers for enabling copyright infringement. This is the irony of Net Neutrality: When telcos start treating different bytes differently, they aren’t “common carriers” and may be liable for what they transmit, including illegal content. So they’ll comply.
  9. Walled gardens: Many countries already restrict how the Internet is used. China’s firewall — which includes 30,000 people tasked with finding improper users — is a good example. But the Internet is a tool for social change and revolution that could threaten any government. Imagine, for example, a U.S. Congress that outlaws online pornography and blocks known adult sites (which accounted for 18.8 percent of all web visits in 2004, according to Hitwise, although the U.S. government says that figure is actually a mere 1 percent.) Instead of a global Internet, we’d have a return to localized standards of decency imposed by legislators. It’d be like “Dirty Dancing” all over again.
  10. Humans take themselves out: As Discover Magazine pointed out years ago, we’ve got plenty of ways to do ourselves in, from nukes to plagues to sucking ourselves into a black hole of our own making. And what’s an Internet without users?

The Internet has already morphed from its initial aspirations of open academia to a commercial platform controlled by corporations and carriers. In many ways, the time between the start of ARPAnet in 1969 and the end of Netscape this past February is just a brief period in history that the Facebook generation won’t miss.

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April 6th, 2008
2:28 AM PT

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April 6th, 2008
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106 comments so far

April 6th, 2008
2:27 AM PT
williamP said:

I’m sorry, but this is a useless article.

April 6th, 2008
4:09 AM PT
livepaola said:

What an interesting post! Thanks for sparking more reflection.

April 6th, 2008
5:00 AM PT
Mike Cerm said:

I think that, while many of your suggestions are possible, you missed what is, in my view, perhaps the most likely occurrence. It comes down to one word: Flash. Well, not just Flash, but also Silverlight and whatever other frameworks follow in their footsteps.

Since it’s inception, what has allowed the Internet flourish is open standards like HTML, and the ability for any page to have it’s source available and legible to both humans and machines. The simple fact that you can borrow and repurpose other people’s code so easily has allowed the Web to evolve. It’s also what allows companies like Google to come along and index everything, making the entire Internet accessible for the common man.

Along comes Flash. Somehow, it’s become a de facto standard, but it’s still proprietary. If you look at how Adobe rules the graphic design world, it’s pretty clear that Adobe is not exactly a benevolent dictator, but that’s not even the bad part. No, the bad part is that Flash is all about opaque blobs of binary data. It can’t be easily manipulated, neither can it be indexed or parsed in any meaningful way.

If you look at the music and movie industries, it’s pretty obvious that content providers like to protect their revenue streams. The way that virtually all sites make money, GigaOm included, is through the sale of ads. Ads are easy to block and as Firefox’s market share grows, the numbers of people blocking ads increases in lockstep. Maybe not for another decade, but it will eventually become a serious problem, or at least one that larger corporations will want to address.

The large news sites will likely be the forerunners. For example, they all offer video content, but never in downloadable form (MPEG, for example). In the case of MSN, videos don’t even play on the same pages at the story. There’s a whole separate Flash portal that they keep all of their videos locked away inside. And use of Flash is reserved only for videos, either. On CNN, some news stories are only delivered as Flash, particularly ones with photographic slideshows accompanying the text.

I think that it’s possible that we’ll see a lot more of this kind of behavior. Flash has historically been used for it’s interactivity and visual flare, but increasingly it’s becoming a kind of DRM for web-content. Certainly, ubiquitous Flash deployment is one way that the Internet (as we know it) will die.

April 6th, 2008
6:43 AM PT
Rajeev said:

What a waste of my time. Find something better do to man. GigaOm knows better. useless piece of crap.

April 6th, 2008
7:21 AM PT

You missed the biggest potential internet stumbling block, peering issues.

As the margins get thinner, and the stakes get higher, what used to be gentleman’s agreemtns between technocracies, has devolved into pissing matches over IP border gateway disputes and traffic metering.

Don’t believe me? There have been several loss of service event over just this issue of peering in 2008 alone, well covered by the technology press.

Now, one or two we can route around, but if the squabbling gets out of hand between leviathans (verizon, L3, France Telecom), then you will have trouble with a capital ‘T’, that Rhymes with ‘P’, and that stands for packet.

April 6th, 2008
9:15 AM PT
Greg said:

This is just an article to attract traffic from the social bookmarking sites. It has no real merit. Top 10 is always the way to go. If only the internet was that simple.

April 6th, 2008
9:21 AM PT

After reading a couple of the comments to this story, Mr. Croll, I feel you missed one other way that the Internet will die: haters. People that hate everything and feel they possess the inalienable right to express their hate for all thought that is either original, their own (but spelled correctly) or diametrical to their own.

The ‘Net is drenched in hate. Even the haters hate themselves for hating original ideas which, if left unattended, will cause a fissure in the space-time continuum thus freezing all attempts to risk original thought online.

Once that haters have rung original thought out of the ‘Net and humans become risk adverse to expression the Internet will die and the last LOLCat will finally get some sleep.

April 6th, 2008
11:18 AM PT
Tom said:

sucking ourselves into a black hole of our own making.

Oh, for godsakes.

Whatever shred of credibility I might have been willing to accept you just destroyed with that absurd statement.

April 6th, 2008
12:25 PM PT
O. said:

I think he was referring to CERN’s blackhole project:

(link)

It’s tough for some people to keep up with world events, I guess…

April 6th, 2008
1:21 PM PT
Alex Stone-Tharp said:

I’m surprised that more on the commenters on this article are not concerned about the potential end of net neutrality.

April 6th, 2008
1:46 PM PT
teachj said:

Or all of those things can, will and already do happen. But there’s too much money to be made on the net for it to go away. It will continue and services will continue and even innovation will continue. I love it when people say “this will kill all innovation.” I guess people really don’t know any history at all. Innovation is what we do as a race. Maybe it won’t be on the net. Maybe all this tyrannical, mean, fascist anti-net stuff will spur innovation. Don’t count people out. People find a way, heck it is the challenge of overcoming that is the spice of life. Be a little more positive.

April 6th, 2008
1:53 PM PT
birbal said:

How about the Internet having a fatal Heart Attack due to excessive and useless blogging .!!

April 6th, 2008
2:04 PM PT
G said:

malaysia or indonesia (memory doesn’t serve that well) proved that dictatorships can permit free internet use without free internet use leading to revolution. allowing freedom of speech on the internet, takes the heat off of dictators, while concurrently doing nothing for dissidents. all you get is some ventilation.

April 6th, 2008
2:08 PM PT
James said:

I’m so happy hackers exist. Any company oppressing the internet will be plagued with hacker activity. I’m so glad the most talented technical minds will always think for themselves.

April 6th, 2008
2:15 PM PT
ar-lock said:

Death by a thousand fragments?

IF ANYTHING, we were more fragmented before the internet/wiki’s/forums etc etc.

an yes we need to mix our POV’s together, sadly conservative opinions dont hold a candel to modern thought. a good reason to avoid the light.

April 6th, 2008
2:22 PM PT
landshrk said:

@ williamP: I agree. Thanks for all the scare tactics, and yes, Net Neutrality is something that we need to take a stand on, but come on. CERN sucking us into a Micro Black Hole…? Highly (read: VERY!) unlikely anything like that is going to happen, and if it does, it’ll be for such a minute amount of time, it won’t do anything anyway, which, if the writers of this article did something a bit more that surface-scratching research, they’d know. But hey, humans (as a species) are pretty moronic, and I can easily see the Internet becoming something it’s not.

And there, what you just read, was just as useless as this article, How’s it feel to have wasted even more of your life? You’ll never get these moments back, you know…

April 6th, 2008
2:26 PM PT
Fakebook said:

“the Facebook generation won’t miss”

You mean the “MySpace” generation right?
Cuz up to the last poll myspace users outnumbered fakebook 20 to 1

April 6th, 2008
2:43 PM PT

or the sun could blow up, or the moon crash into the earth, or we could uninvent electricity……

Basically the net will evolve as to how the majority its citizens accept it to be so. The closest match to anything remotely true in the articles in either 7. the net stop being neutral - which we as net citizens will fight tooth and nail and dump isp’s responsible or 8. the lawyers get involved. where the world isnt the USA, so even the long fingers of the riaa,mpaa cant mess up the whole internet.

April 6th, 2008
2:56 PM PT
Pfft said:

@0. Or perhaps Tom was referring to the fact that the notion of a black hole wreaking havoc on earth because of the project was absurd. I guess it’s tough for some people to read between the lines.

April 6th, 2008
3:03 PM PT
Emma said:

and you could run outside tomorrow and get trampled by a herd of giraffe! get a grip ma!

April 6th, 2008
3:59 PM PT
hahaOhWow said:

wow, are u from india or something? I mean, I’m a computer science graduate and I definetly enjoy a varierty of discussion concerning teh internets but wow… i can spot a shitpile noob who really has no concept of major topics involving hm, idk, computers in general? Why is it that people like this feel the need to get a blog, then draw in as many readers as possible?

April 6th, 2008
4:08 PM PT
LP said:

I worry a little when I read about the Semantic web (the little I know) and how it will be computers performing all of our small tasks and finding relationships between data/people on the web. What are people supposed to do, that’s how you exercise your brain and discover new things, by exploring and making connections. It like when everyone started using calculators (showing my age), the kids in school stopped learning how to do long division. I’m not a technophobe but I don’t want AI replacing the complex and creative thinking of individual people.

I think the Snowe bill in discussion in Congress could also have a chilling effect. It basically takes the right of small domain holders to retain their domain names if challenged by a business entity. This doesn’t involve copyright infringement it just comes from the view that a commercial entity has more “right” to a domain name than any individual or small organization. I think the bill is stalled but I’m sure new versions will be introduced. I find that chilling.

April 6th, 2008
4:16 PM PT
Nigel Lawson said:

I was expecting more, much more substance than what you delivered. Internet will end because of these things? I was expecting a serious analysis of web 3.0 or something similar.

April 6th, 2008
5:12 PM PT
RawCoyote said:

The Mediterranean cable breaks were no “accidents”, security videos of the area of the breaks showed no vessels in the area of the time of the breaks.

April 6th, 2008
5:29 PM PT
Mike Brito said:

It “is” something to ponder isn’t it. Which way we will we go…Hmmm! Will we regulate ourselves more because we don’t trust ourselves, or will we free ourselves for a while, because were tired of the amount of regulation, weve already put upon ourselves?
Human animals seem to thrive on being self regulated ie.. religion, government, Law and policing, militaries, organized sports, beauty pagents, and on and on. So I would say “It is logical to assume that humans will continue down the same path with technology”. We will rane it in, and regulate it, just like we do with everything else. It is in our nature and instinct to do so. We may go overboard, at first, but eventually we will agree on some “level” we will tolorate for a while.We cannot change our nature, just like we cannot stop the universe from expanding. So there you have it, it’s not a matter of if, it’s just a matter of when,how and how much.

April 6th, 2008
5:33 PM PT
VC said:

10 ways my ass. 7, 8, and 9 are relevant, but way to force a top 10 list to get more pageviews.

April 6th, 2008
5:58 PM PT
Crystal said:

10 happened in Oryx and Crake.

The others seem likely too.

April 6th, 2008
6:30 PM PT
dougo said:

Great article.

I’d like to echo both Keith Shepard’s and WilliamP’s comments: I think they are worthy inclusions to the list.

April 6th, 2008
6:31 PM PT
Hank Fox said:

Taxes. Government regulation. Homeland Security freaks turning the whole thing into a spyfest, to “protect” us.

April 6th, 2008
6:49 PM PT
Jason said:

Nigel Lawson said:

“I was expecting more, much more substance than what you delivered. Internet will end because of these things? I was expecting a serious analysis of web 3.0 or something similar.”

And what do your expectations have to do with anything - arrogant much?

April 6th, 2008
8:14 PM PT
tikomh said:

“What goes up must come down”, anon

April 6th, 2008
8:25 PM PT
Clark Bunch said:

I would like to point out to all the inane commenters, that GigaOM never said the internet would die; he said it would cease to exist as we know it. Television ceased to exist the way my parents knew it back in the 60’s. But is that good or bad? Yeah, it’s expensive and ruled by the providers I guess, but it’s hard to look at a 60″ flat screen and say “Hey, I want to go back to the 60’s when we all had an antanae and the reception was free.” The internet I knew in college ceased to exist with the development of high speed. That’s a good thing. Payphones are about to cease existing because we all have our own mobile everywhere we go. But will anyone miss looking for a payphone, finding change, then finding out it’s out of order anyway? Unlikely.

April 6th, 2008
8:25 PM PT
Tyler said:

I could see number 5 happening. Nice read. Dugg.

April 6th, 2008
8:26 PM PT
dazza said:

@williamP you are 100% correct…this article is DOA

April 6th, 2008
8:42 PM PT
A.Ho said:

Well the lawyers are needed, there’s ought to be some sort of regulation… I mean with internet crimes, copyright infringement, data privacy issues, defamation…etc

April 6th, 2008
9:48 PM PT

The Rick Roll is getting out of hand and will end the Internet as we know it.

April 6th, 2008
10:17 PM PT
Travis Monroe said:

Great! Let the sucker die “as we know it”. Much of it is junk, I look forward to an innovative improvement.

April 6th, 2008
10:43 PM PT
Editor said:

This really is tosh! But congrats for getting so many comments.

April 6th, 2008
11:05 PM PT
frankl1n said:

I think we all know that LOLCAT will end the internet, as well as space and time.

April 6th, 2008
11:21 PM PT
Nitin said:

internet will die of obesity. It’s growing at almost 4% per MONTH and with more data comes risk of irrelevance.

April 7th, 2008
12:49 AM PT

This article is retarded. It’s wild speculation used in another shitty 10 (insert whatever here) article. This is the cancer that is killing the internets. We need some chemo STAT!

April 7th, 2008
2:33 AM PT
Kashif said:

We have already experienced how worse a BGP isssue can be, when (YouTube went downlink) .

April 7th, 2008
6:06 AM PT

Thanks for the checklist. I’m sure some 12 y/o anti-socialite is now hard at work.

April 7th, 2008
6:10 AM PT
CitizenX said:

Everyone of these was impossible or a flat out false claim. The Internet is on the computers of the people, and the people arn’t going do all die, and neither are their computers. If it goes down, we will just plug it back in. Don’t give in to this fear mongering propaganda people.

April 7th, 2008
6:14 AM PT

i was about to stop reading til i got to #8
your friends in high places will signal the death of the internet…if you want to see what they have in store see how comfy and cozy they are in bed with the communist party of china

April 7th, 2008
6:22 AM PT
Jason said:

Just so as you know for future referance, any network backbone company worth their salt includes out-of-band access (i.e. dial-up telephone) access to their routers to prevent BGP corruption issues taking their network down until someone can get on site.

April 7th, 2008
6:46 AM PT
garry said:

I think an article like this deserves a fitting response, WACKJOB……..

April 7th, 2008
7:29 AM PT
anton santini said:

please, please,please, the net will never end, is like other media, tv, radio, magazines, why not internet only?

April 7th, 2008
8:14 AM PT
abo46n2 said:

I think Nick Carr makes a very interesting and important point when he points out the cyber-balkanization of the Internet. From niche marketing to SEO, I think it’s definitely something to keep an eye on. It would be a shame if the diversity of the Internet was ignored. Glad to see you included this.

April 7th, 2008
8:20 AM PT
Beto said:

At least we can count on one thing: Lolcats will survive, no matter what.

April 7th, 2008
8:27 AM PT
sahabat88 said:

nice analysis, but where is argument…?
keepsmile>/a>:D

April 7th, 2008
8:36 AM PT
O. said:

Travis Monroe said:

“Great! Let the sucker die “as we know it”. Much of it is junk, I look forward to an innovative improvement.”

And some other similar comments were made by others.

I’m kinds for that idea too!!

The interesting part of this discussion is that no one has really defined what constitutes as “death”, in the first place…

The “‘Net” needs interconnected networks to join the various devices that make up the ‘Net, but is that really the ‘Net? Sure, I guess, because no interconnected networks = no ‘Net.

But isn’t the ‘Net really the actual content that’s on those computers?

Hold on, what’s the content worth without someone to actually make use of it?!!

Hmmm…

April 7th, 2008
8:54 AM PT
ew said:

I think number 11 should be that the internet becomes overly commercialized and aggrevates us us into an innovation cycle. Just as Tivo became a solution to avoid the relentless waves of television advertising, a new solution may emerge to help us avoid the relentless waves of pop ups, banners, flashlet inserts…. Consider the impact to content businesses (and the internet itself) if content could no longer be monetized through advertising.

April 7th, 2008
9:22 AM PT
bshock said:

Fairly comprehension, though I’m primarily worried about 7, 8, and 9, the socio-political destruction of the Internet.

Way back when, Big Business had a vision of the Internet as another passive media-distribution outlet, with plenty of tollbooths. As with all conservative institutions, Big Business has very few ideas, and never fully abandons any of them.

April 7th, 2008
9:33 AM PT
thefrontsteps said:

Good! Let’s get rid of this f**king thing once and for all. Let’s get back to picking up the phone and actually meeting in person. Let’s get back to driving down to the beach to check the surf instead of spotting it on a camera. Let’s hold meetings where everyone is actually in attendance and has to show up to an office. Let’s spend more and more time standing in line at the post office to deliver a package and kill more and more trees sending massive amounts of papers back and forth. On second thought…let’s not. Viva Internet!

April 7th, 2008
9:43 AM PT

Interesting, it would seem CERN is already making the Internet as we know it obsolete. Seven years in the making and debutes this year…
The Grid
(link)

“At speeds about 10,000 times faster than a typical broadband connection, “the grid” will be able to send the entire Rolling Stones back catalogue from Britain to Japan in less than two seconds”

The grid was made to move data collected from LHC…

“The power of the grid will become apparent this summer after what scientists at Cern have termed their “red button” day - the switching-on of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the new particle accelerator built to probe the origin of the universe. The grid will be activated at the same time to capture the data it generates.

Cern, based near Geneva, started the grid computing project seven years ago when researchers realised the LHC would generate annual data equivalent to 56m CDs - enough to make a stack 40 miles high.”

April 7th, 2008
9:55 AM PT
CA Cole said:

There’s one more reason: Cern’s (the company who invented the Internet–no, not Al Gore–is revolutionizing the Net again.

(link)

April 7th, 2008
10:12 AM PT
stylebaby said:

This is really helpful (and funny!)Several of us at OurPrerogative study social media and the future of the internets as a part of our non-blogging life and it’s great to see this stuff in …er, print.

April 7th, 2008
10:26 AM PT
redsoxmaniac said:

Change it into “could die”. Will is a future indicative word. For what your article has proposed are subjective instances on an uncertain future and therefore in the English language you must use a subjunctive tense.

This is a horrible blog. Full of great content, I can’t deny. But there is no correlation to your title and the content. In actuality, a lot of these cases are not just only hypothetical, but there implications would do a lot more than destroy the internet. Most likely these instances can lead to a immense disruption on the world’s economical and communication structure, which would then lead to chaos. Even with the internet somehow surviving the whole situation, I highly doubt I am checking my Yahoo! email in this new chaotic environment.

Guys, think outside the box.

April 7th, 2008
10:26 AM PT
lichanos said:

I’m with those who felt that the only item on this list to be genuinely concerned about is the loss of net neutrality. I see that as a real issue in the looming future, and I’m not so optimistic that the community of users “just won’t stand for it,” as some appear to believe.

April 7th, 2008
10:56 AM PT
O. said:

The availbility of “The Grid” enforces my earlier comments about the high-level architecture of the ‘Net.

The “‘Net” is made up of three high-level layers: Hardware infrastructure, sofware/applications, and humans + their content.

The “Web” is not the “‘Net”, technically. The “Web” is a large distributed application that sits on top of the hardware layer; it includes many distributed viewers that enable users to see and interact with the content. If the hardware dies, then the “Web” dies, but the opposite is not true. The “Web” is only useful if the humans have content to fill it up, and that content must be of interest to other humans.

As long as there are humans, content, a hardware layer, and one or more applications to present the content, the ‘Net will live. In fact, the ‘Net could live without applications, but there would be no purpose for it.

What is likely to happen is a gradual transition from the “‘Net” to “The Grid”, or some other similar endeavor. The “Web” may be replaced by a similar application that is built to run efficiently on “The Grid”, or perhaps the current “Web” will eventually be routed over “The Grid”. It’s also possible that certain content will be routed over the appropriate hardware layer, based on the content’s profile. But this is just a transition from one hardware layer to another, more evolved, one.

Regardless, this distinction between hardware, software, users/content is an important one.

Perhaps all it takes for the ‘Net to die “as we know it” is for the the “Web” to die “as we know it”. But if the “Web” dies, it’s likely because it was replaced by a better application. The ‘Net will still exist, however.

For the ‘Net to die outright, something more catastrophic needs to happen.

Personally, I vote for a massive solar flare…

April 7th, 2008
11:22 AM PT
djc8080 said:

@WilliamP. I agree.

This is a post explicitly designed to stimulate conversation.

Good flypaper effect. (http://adecon101.blogspot.com/2008/03/how-to-sem-or-flypaper-effect-for.html)

April 7th, 2008
12:40 PM PT

I think the concept of Great Firewalls or Walled Gardens is one of the most likely scenarios.

If you study the evolution of literacy in Gutenburg’s time you will discover that the concept of national languages and statewide schooling, starting in Spain, was introduced to impose censorship by making citizens illiterate to literature of other dialects and other countries. Diversity was simply taught out of the populous.

I think constraints on information access according to political agendas is highly likely in the future.

April 7th, 2008
12:50 PM PT

Followup to ways the Internet will die

Well, it’s been a strange experience reading comments around this post. I figured it’s time to answer some of them and